Clinical and pathological characteristics of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related fulminant myocarditis

Clinical and pathological characteristics of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related fulminant myocarditis

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Abstract The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved cancer iphone 14 price chicago treatment.With the increasing use of ICIs, ICI-related myocarditis has been recognized.However, an evidence-based therapeutic strategy has not been established because of the limited knowledge on ICI-related myocarditis.

Here, we present four cases of ICI-related fulminant myocarditis (FM).Three of the four cases resulted in fatal outcomes despite aggressive treatment with mechanical circulatory support and immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids.Given the poor here prognosis of ICI-FM, the establishment of rapid and adequate therapeutic interventions on the basis of clinical and pathological evaluation is imperative.